英文翻译菜名的技巧
米说:Acceptwhatwasandwhatis,andyou’llhavemorepositiveenergytopursuewhatwillbe. 接受过去和现在的模样,才会有能量去追寻自己的未来。
菜名趣事
菜名英译缺乏统一标准、译者专业水平有限等多种原因导致了目前英文菜单五花八门,常常让老外们目瞪口呆,不知所云。加拿大小伙子Brain表示,一次他在一家东北餐馆看到“tigerdish”(老虎菜)的菜名时,吓了一跳,心想“中国人为什么要食用受保护动物——老虎呢?” 类似让外国人摸不着头脑,甚至引起误会的菜名还有很多。例如,有的酒店将“四喜丸子”翻译成“Fourgladmeatballs”(四个高兴的肉团);“宫保鸡丁”译作“Governmentabusechicken”(政府虐待鸡);“烧鸡”译成“Burned Chicken”(烧糊了的鸡);“回锅肉”译作“Twice-cookedPork”(烹了两次的猪肉);“生鱼块”则是“Chopthestrangefish”(砍那陌生的鱼)。最令人匪夷所思地是将“童子鸡”翻成“ChickenWithoutSexualLife”(没有性生活的鸡)。
菜名翻译指导
据专家介绍,目前广泛采用的菜名英译法大致分为以下几种。 以主料开头的译法主要介绍菜肴的主料和辅料,例如“Scrambledeggwithtomato”(西红柿炒蛋);或是介绍菜肴的主料和味道,例如“chickeninScallionoil”(葱油鸡)。 以烹制方法开头的译法主要介绍菜肴的烹饪方法和风味,例如“Stir-friedeelslices”(炒鳝片)、“braisedbeefwithbrownsauce”(红烧牛肉)。 以形状或口感开头的译法突出菜肴的口感和外形,例如“crispfriedspareribs”(香酥排骨)。 以人名或地名开头的译法重点介绍菜肴的创始人、发源地及主料,例如“MaPobeancurd”(麻婆豆腐)。
许多中国菜肴具有深厚的文化底蕴,对此,北京外国语大学英语学院陈德彰教授建议:“‘东坡肘子’‘桃园三结义’‘叫花鸡’等带有历史典故的菜名通常比较难译,翻译时不妨先音译或意译,说明该菜的具体用料等,然后再简要讲述一下菜肴的典故。这种方式不仅能引起用餐者的兴趣,也能兼顾文化和传播。
尽管国内译者在翻译中国菜名上大费周章,各种翻译方法各有特点,但是在美国生活多年的曾女士表示,在国外唐人街的中餐馆中,菜单翻译都很“直白”。比如,“鱼香肉丝”便是“shreddedporkingarlicsauce”(在大蒜酱汁里的肉丝),“咕咾肉”是“sweetandsourchicken/pork”(酸甜鸡、猪肉)。“这种直白的翻译在国外流传已久,早已深入人心
常见菜名大全
碧兰鱿鱼VegetarianSquidwithGreenVegetables 生菜虾松MincedShrimpwithLettuces 妅烧栗子鸡SimmerChestnutChicken 炒箭笋FrySmallBambooShoots 冬菇菜心BlackMushroomandPickleSourKale 什锦藕片LotusRootsAssortedVegetables 红烧烤麸SimmerBakedBran 红烧苦瓜SimmerBitterBourd 咕咾肉Coo-LaoMeat 豆苗虾仁FryBeanSproutswithVegetarianShrimp 凉拌长生果ColdDressedTo-Fu 糖醋鱼片SweetVinegarFishFillet 粉蒸肉SteamMeat 香芹豆干CeleryandDryBeanCord 官保甜椒SpicySweetBellPepper 红烧肉SimmerMeat 白果虾仁FryNutwithShrimp 雪菜百页PickleMustardGreenwithBai-Yei 香芝素肠VegetarianSesameSausage 酱爆猴菇SanteMoken-HeadMoshrooms 红绕豆腐SimmerTo-Fu 酥炸香菇FryMushroom 炸明虾FryKingPrawn 汉斋VegetarianMealforBuddhism 酥炸虾球FryShrimpBall 什锦锅CombinationSoup 香酥豆腐Deep-FriedTo-Fu 咖哩洋菇CurryMushroom 芦荀白合AsparaguswithLily 金菇芥菜GoldenMushroomwithMustardPlant 珍珠丸子PearlPillon 双菇烩虾仁FryMushroomwithShrimp 酥炸芋球Deep-FriedTaroBall 九层鳝糊VegetarianEel-pusteandBasil 鱼香茄子FryEggplant 翡翠鲍鱼AbaloneMushroomwithVegetables 蚂蚁上树BeanThreadswithVegetables 炸蔬菜FryVegetables 豉汁蚝油鸡braisedchickenwithfermentedandseasonedsoybeansandoystersauce 翡翠虾球friedshrimpballswithjade-colorvegetable 五彩炒蛋scrambledegginfivecolors
鱼茸豆腐羹braisedbeancurdwithfishmeat 腐皮三丝soybeanmilkfilmwithslicedmeatandvegetable 香葱煎鱼friedfishwithgreenonion 蚝油扒双菇mushroomswithoystersauce 三鲜汤pork-seafoodsoup 甘蓝芽炒牛肉丝slicedbeefwithtendercabbage 五味鱿鱼cuttlefishinfivetastes 家常豆腐beancurdwithvegetable 芋头排骨汤ribsoupwithtaro 菠萝排骨ribwithpineapple 蒜泥虾shrimpwithchappedgarlic 干贝芥菜scallopwithmustardplant 冬瓜淡菜汤soupofdriedmusselwithwhitegourd 洋葱辣酱鱼whitemeatfishinhotonionsouce 菜心炒肉丝slicedporkandgreenvegetablestem 蟹粉扒豆苗crabwithgardenpeasprout 黄瓜肉丸汤meatballsoupwithcucumber 蒜苗腊肉friedsaltydriedmeatwithscallion 鱼香茄子friedeggplantwithgroundpork 镶豆腐braisedbeancurdwithgroundpork 海带结排骨汤hogribandseaweedknotsoup 葱爆牛肉friedbeefwithgreenonion 番瓜三丁friedpumpkinwithporkandcucumber 西芹鱿鱼friedcuttlefishwithwesterncelery 蕃茄豆芽汤tomatoandbeansproutsoup 酸甜排骨sweetandsourribs 香脆虾腰friskyshrimpwithhogkidney 雪菜豆干丁friedwintervegetablewithdriedbeancurdcubes 紫菜冬瓜虾米汤laver,whitegourdanddriedshrimpsoup 双冬蒸肉片steamedporkwithpreservedwintervegetable 腰果鸡丁friedchickencubeswithcashewnut 醋溜高丽saltyandsourcabbage 白菜肉卷粉丝汤chinesecabbage,meatrollandbeanflournoodlesoup 炸三鲜卷friedpork-seafoodrolls 红烧海参烩川丸子stewedseacucumberwithmeatballs 凉拌西芹香干丝parsleyanddriedbeancurdnoodlesalad 莲耦清鸡汤rhizomeoflotusandchickensoup 韭黄肝片friedhogliverwithchives 皇帝豆炒肉片frideporkwithlimabeans 培根生菜friedbaconandlettuce 萝卜丝鱼汤shreddedturnipandfishsoup 蒜苗鸭赏firedsaltyanddriedduckwithscallion 小黄瓜炒墨鱼friedcucumberandsquid 菠萝冻鸡pineappleandchickenjelly
苦瓜排骨鱼丸汤bittergourd,hogribandfishballsoup 时蔬炒带子fridecurrentvegetableandseafood 冻蹄花hoghoofjelly 青红鲍鱼菇fridechinesecabbageandchampignon 清炖牛肉汤stewedbeefsoup 磨菇烩猪排braisedporksteakwithmushrooms 红油鸡丝hotslicedchicken 螃蟹粉丝煲braisedcrabandchinesevermicelli 苹果鲜鱼汤appleandfreshfishsoup 冰糖小蹄膀smallhoghoofwithcrystalsugar 酿黄瓜braisedcucumberwithporkfilling 奶油西兰花creamybroccoli 莲子红枣肚片汤lotusseeds,reddatesandporkbellysoup 红烧花干鸡braisedchickenwithfriedbean 银芽牛肉丝friedshreddedbeefwithbeansprous 豆苗百叶friedgardenpeasproutswithbeancurdskin 酸菜肉片汤pickledcabbageandporksoup 凉拌鸭掌duckpalmsalad红烧海带结braisedseaweedknots 咸蛋蒸肉steamedporkwithsaltypreservedeggyolk 脆笋肉丝汤bambooshootpieceandlilyflowersoup 海鲜炒蛋friedseafoodwithegg 麻辣毛肚hothogbowel 凉拌高丽saltyandhotcabbagesalad 蛤蜊排骨汤clamandhogribsoup 萝卜红烧肉braisedporkwithturnip 豌夹鸡肫friedsnowpeaswithchickengiblets 豆豉小鱼焖苦瓜braisedtinyfishfermentedandseasonedsoybeanandbittergourd 肉末榨菜蒟蒻汤groundporkslatedmustardrootandwildarumssoup 粉蒸肥肠steamedhoglargeintestines 豆腐鸡翼steamedchickenwingswithbeancurd 当归鸭 Angelicaduck 槟榔 Betelnut 火锅 Hotpot
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